MersV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001A98

Respiratory Tract Samples, Viral Load, and Genome Fraction Yield in Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

Identifieur interne : 001A98 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001A97; suivant : 001A99

Respiratory Tract Samples, Viral Load, and Genome Fraction Yield in Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

Auteurs : Ziad A. Memish ; Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq ; Hatem Q. Makhdoom ; Abdullah Assiri ; Raafat F. Alhakeem ; Ali Albarrak ; Sarah Alsubaie ; Abdullah A. Al-Rabeeah ; Waleed H. Hajomar ; Raheela Hussain ; Ali M. Kheyami ; Abdullah Almutairi ; Esam I. Azhar ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; Simon J. Watson ; Paul Kellam ; Matthew Cotten ; Alimuddin Zumla [Royaume-Uni]

Source :

The Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2014.

RBID : PMC:7107391

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Appareil respiratoire (virologie), Charge virale, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification), Humains, Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne.
MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Infections à coronavirus.
- isolement et purification : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- virologie : Appareil respiratoire, Infections à coronavirus.
- Charge virale, Humains, Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Coronavirus Infections (pathology), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Humans, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification), Polymerase Chain Reaction, Respiratory System (virology), Viral Load.
MESH :
- isolation & purification : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- pathology : Coronavirus Infections.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Respiratory System.
- Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Viral Load.

Abstract

Background. Analysis of clinical samples from patients with new viral infections is critical to confirm the diagnosis, to specify the viral load, and to sequence data necessary for characterizing the viral kinetics, transmission, and evolution. We analyzed samples from 112 patients infected with the recently discovered Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Methods. Respiratory tract samples from cases of MERS-CoV infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were investigated to determine the MERS-CoV load and fraction of the MERS-CoV genome. These values were analyzed to determine associations with clinical sample type.

Results. Samples from 112 individuals in which MERS-CoV was detected by PCR were analyzed, of which 13 were sputum samples, 64 were nasopharyngeal swab specimens, 30 were tracheal aspirates, and 3 were bronchoalveolar lavage specimens; 2 samples were of unknown origin. Tracheal aspirates yielded significantly higher MERS-CoV loads, compared with nasopharyngeal swab specimens (P = .005) and sputum specimens (P = .0001). Tracheal aspirates had viral loads similar to those in bronchoalveolar lavage samples (P = .3079). Bronchoalveolar lavage samples and tracheal aspirates had significantly higher genome fraction than nasopharyngeal swab specimens (P = .0095 and P = .0002, respectively) and sputum samples (P = .0009 and P = .0001, respectively). The genome yield from tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were similar (P = .1174).

Conclusions. Lower respiratory tract samples yield significantly higher MERS-CoV loads and genome fractions than upper respiratory tract samples.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107391

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu292
PubMed: 24837403
PubMed Central: 7107391

Affiliations:

Allemagne, Royaume-Uni

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Azhar, Esam I" sort="Azhar, Esam I" uniqKey="Azhar E" first="Esam I." last="Azhar">Esam I. Azhar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cotten, Matthew" sort="Cotten, Matthew" uniqKey="Cotten M" first="Matthew" last="Cotten">Matthew Cotten</name>
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,</nlm:aff>
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,<institution>University College London (UCL), and UCL Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust</institution>
,<country>United Kingdom</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Respiratory Tract Samples, Viral Load, and Genome Fraction Yield in Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</title>
<author><name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine and Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University,</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A." last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization</addr-line>
,<country>Dhahran</country>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Dhahran</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10"><institution>Indiana University School of Medicine</institution>
,<addr-line>Indianapolis</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Makhdoom, Hatem Q" sort="Makhdoom, Hatem Q" uniqKey="Makhdoom H" first="Hatem Q." last="Makhdoom">Hatem Q. Makhdoom</name>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</author>
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</nlm:aff>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali" sort="Albarrak, Ali" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali" last="Albarrak">Ali Albarrak</name>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alsubaie, Sarah" sort="Alsubaie, Sarah" uniqKey="Alsubaie S" first="Sarah" last="Alsubaie">Sarah Alsubaie</name>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A" sort="Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A" first="Abdullah A." last="Al-Rabeeah">Abdullah A. Al-Rabeeah</name>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajomar, Waleed H" sort="Hajomar, Waleed H" uniqKey="Hajomar W" first="Waleed H." last="Hajomar">Waleed H. Hajomar</name>
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,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hussain, Raheela" sort="Hussain, Raheela" uniqKey="Hussain R" first="Raheela" last="Hussain">Raheela Hussain</name>
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,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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,<addr-line>Dammam</addr-line>
,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kheyami, Ali M" sort="Kheyami, Ali M" uniqKey="Kheyami A" first="Ali M." last="Kheyami">Ali M. Kheyami</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
,<addr-line>Dammam</addr-line>
,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almutairi, Abdullah" sort="Almutairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almutairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almutairi">Abdullah Almutairi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
,<addr-line>Madinah</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af9"><addr-line>Regional Laboratory</addr-line>
,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>
,<addr-line>Dammam</addr-line>
,<country>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azhar, Esam I" sort="Azhar, Esam I" uniqKey="Azhar E" first="Esam I." last="Azhar">Esam I. Azhar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7"><addr-line>Special Infectious Diseases Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center</addr-line>
,<institution>King Abdualziz University</institution>
,<addr-line>Jeddah</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11"><institution>Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center</institution>
,<country>Germany</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Simon J" sort="Watson, Simon J" uniqKey="Watson S" first="Simon J." last="Watson">Simon J. Watson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute</institution>
,<addr-line>Hinxton</addr-line>
,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellam, Paul" sort="Kellam, Paul" uniqKey="Kellam P" first="Paul" last="Kellam">Paul Kellam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute</institution>
,<addr-line>Hinxton</addr-line>
,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotten, Matthew" sort="Cotten, Matthew" uniqKey="Cotten M" first="Matthew" last="Cotten">Matthew Cotten</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af12"><institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute</institution>
,<addr-line>Hinxton</addr-line>
,</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><institution>Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine and Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University,</institution>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af13"><addr-line>Division of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>
,<institution>University College London (UCL), and UCL Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust</institution>
,<country>United Kingdom</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections (pathology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Respiratory System (virology)</term>
<term>Viral Load</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Appareil respiratoire (virologie)</term>
<term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Appareil respiratoire</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Respiratory System</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term>
<term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Viral Load</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold><italic>Background.</italic>
</bold>
 Analysis of clinical samples from patients with new viral infections is critical to confirm the diagnosis, to specify the viral load, and to sequence data necessary for characterizing the viral kinetics, transmission, and evolution. We analyzed samples from 112 patients infected with the recently discovered Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).</p>
<p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic>
</bold>
 Respiratory tract samples from cases of MERS-CoV infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were investigated to determine the MERS-CoV load and fraction of the MERS-CoV genome. These values were analyzed to determine associations with clinical sample type.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results.</italic>
</bold>
 Samples from 112 individuals in which MERS-CoV was detected by PCR were analyzed, of which 13 were sputum samples, 64 were nasopharyngeal swab specimens, 30 were tracheal aspirates, and 3 were bronchoalveolar lavage specimens; 2 samples were of unknown origin. Tracheal aspirates yielded significantly higher MERS-CoV loads, compared with nasopharyngeal swab specimens (<italic>P</italic>
 = .005) and sputum specimens (<italic>P</italic>
 = .0001). Tracheal aspirates had viral loads similar to those in bronchoalveolar lavage samples (<italic>P</italic>
 = .3079). Bronchoalveolar lavage samples and tracheal aspirates had significantly higher genome fraction than nasopharyngeal swab specimens (<italic>P</italic>
 = .0095 and <italic>P</italic>
 = .0002, respectively) and sputum samples (<italic>P</italic>
 = .0009 and <italic>P</italic>
 = .0001, respectively). The genome yield from tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were similar (<italic>P</italic>
 = .1174).</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusions.</italic>
</bold>
 Lower respiratory tract samples yield significantly higher MERS-CoV loads and genome fractions than upper respiratory tract samples.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lieberman, D" uniqKey="Lieberman D">D Lieberman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimoni, A" uniqKey="Shimoni A">A Shimoni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keren Naus, R" uniqKey="Keren Naus R">R Keren-Naus</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loens, K" uniqKey="Loens K">K Loens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Heirstraeten, L" uniqKey="Van Heirstraeten L">L Van Heirstraeten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Malhotra Kumar, S" uniqKey="Malhotra Kumar S">S Malhotra-Kumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rello, Ja" uniqKey="Rello J">JA Rello</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, P" uniqKey="Rodriguez P">P Rodríguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iba Ez, L" uniqKey="Iba Ez L">L Ibañez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="To, Kk" uniqKey="To K">KK To</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kh" uniqKey="Chan K">KH Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Iw" uniqKey="Li I">IW Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hung, Ifn" uniqKey="Hung I">IFN Hung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, Skp" uniqKey="Lau S">SKP Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woo, Pcy" uniqKey="Woo P">PCY Woo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, Cl" uniqKey="Liu C">CL Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Yt" uniqKey="Lu Y">YT Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, Mj" uniqKey="Peng M">MJ Peng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fan, Ck" uniqKey="Fan C">CK Fan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yieh, Km" uniqKey="Yieh K">KM Yieh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, My" uniqKey="Peng M">MY Peng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Pks" uniqKey="Chan P">PKS Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="To, W K" uniqKey="To W">W-K To</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ng, K C" uniqKey="Ng K">K-C Ng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Pk" uniqKey="Chan P">PK Chan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rainer, Th" uniqKey="Rainer T">TH Rainer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ip, M" uniqKey="Ip M">M Ip</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Aa" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A">AA Al-Rabeeah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A Bermingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chand, Ma" uniqKey="Chand M">MA Chand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Cs" uniqKey="Brown C">CS Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mailles, A" uniqKey="Mailles A">A Mailles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blanckaert, K" uniqKey="Blanckaert K">K Blanckaert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaud, P" uniqKey="Chaud P">P Chaud</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guery, B" uniqKey="Guery B">B Guery</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poissy, J" uniqKey="Poissy J">J Poissy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Mansouf, L" uniqKey="El Mansouf L">L El Mansouf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchholz, U" uniqKey="Buchholz U">U Buchholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nitsche, A" uniqKey="Nitsche A">A Nitsche</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seilmaier, M" uniqKey="Seilmaier M">M Seilmaier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Makhdoom, Hq" uniqKey="Makhdoom H">HQ Makhdoom</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eckerle, I" uniqKey="Eckerle I">I Eckerle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bleicker, T" uniqKey="Bleicker T">T Bleicker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Costabel, U" uniqKey="Costabel U">U Costabel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Sj" uniqKey="Watson S">SJ Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellam, P" uniqKey="Kellam P">P Kellam</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Sj" uniqKey="Watson S">SJ Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mou, H" uniqKey="Mou H">H Mou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smits, Sl" uniqKey="Smits S">SL Smits</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A" sort="Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A" uniqKey="Al Rabeeah A" first="Abdullah A." last="Al-Rabeeah">Abdullah A. Al-Rabeeah</name>
<name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" sort="Al Tawfiq, Jaffar A" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J" first="Jaffar A." last="Al-Tawfiq">Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq</name>
<name sortKey="Albarrak, Ali" sort="Albarrak, Ali" uniqKey="Albarrak A" first="Ali" last="Albarrak">Ali Albarrak</name>
<name sortKey="Alhakeem, Raafat F" sort="Alhakeem, Raafat F" uniqKey="Alhakeem R" first="Raafat F." last="Alhakeem">Raafat F. Alhakeem</name>
<name sortKey="Almutairi, Abdullah" sort="Almutairi, Abdullah" uniqKey="Almutairi A" first="Abdullah" last="Almutairi">Abdullah Almutairi</name>
<name sortKey="Alsubaie, Sarah" sort="Alsubaie, Sarah" uniqKey="Alsubaie S" first="Sarah" last="Alsubaie">Sarah Alsubaie</name>
<name sortKey="Assiri, Abdullah" sort="Assiri, Abdullah" uniqKey="Assiri A" first="Abdullah" last="Assiri">Abdullah Assiri</name>
<name sortKey="Azhar, Esam I" sort="Azhar, Esam I" uniqKey="Azhar E" first="Esam I." last="Azhar">Esam I. Azhar</name>
<name sortKey="Cotten, Matthew" sort="Cotten, Matthew" uniqKey="Cotten M" first="Matthew" last="Cotten">Matthew Cotten</name>
<name sortKey="Hajomar, Waleed H" sort="Hajomar, Waleed H" uniqKey="Hajomar W" first="Waleed H." last="Hajomar">Waleed H. Hajomar</name>
<name sortKey="Hussain, Raheela" sort="Hussain, Raheela" uniqKey="Hussain R" first="Raheela" last="Hussain">Raheela Hussain</name>
<name sortKey="Kellam, Paul" sort="Kellam, Paul" uniqKey="Kellam P" first="Paul" last="Kellam">Paul Kellam</name>
<name sortKey="Kheyami, Ali M" sort="Kheyami, Ali M" uniqKey="Kheyami A" first="Ali M." last="Kheyami">Ali M. Kheyami</name>
<name sortKey="Makhdoom, Hatem Q" sort="Makhdoom, Hatem Q" uniqKey="Makhdoom H" first="Hatem Q." last="Makhdoom">Hatem Q. Makhdoom</name>
<name sortKey="Memish, Ziad A" sort="Memish, Ziad A" uniqKey="Memish Z" first="Ziad A." last="Memish">Ziad A. Memish</name>
<name sortKey="Watson, Simon J" sort="Watson, Simon J" uniqKey="Watson S" first="Simon J." last="Watson">Simon J. Watson</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Respiratory Tract Samples, Viral Load, and Genome Fraction Yield in Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

Respiratory Tract Samples, Viral Load, and Genome Fraction Yield in Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

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